Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• practical and reliable way of verifying EM results for nearly spherical, non-porous, and non-aggregated particles without rugged surface treatment, even if they have been prepared by different methods. Pigmentary TiO2 must have a specific particle size range to scatter visible light effectively. The

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• from the mold. There are various surface treatment methods available, including oxygen plasma, UV/ozone, corona oxidizer, and plasma pen [46][47]. In this study, we employed a previously reported chemical treatment method that uses 1 M NaOH solution for 24 h [48]. Although this method takes longer, it

The effect of metal surface nanomorphology on the output performance of a TENG

• Yiru Wang,
• Xin Zhao,
• Yang Liu and
• Wenjun Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 298–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.25

• ], many attempts have been made to enhance the energy harvesting efficiency. There are four ways to enhance the efficiency of energy collection. These are (1) surface treatment of the contact materials, including increasing the surface roughness and physical surface modification to enhance the surface

Modification of a SERS-active Ag surface to promote adsorption of charged analytes: effect of Cu²⁺ ions

• Bahdan V. Ranishenka,
• Andrei Yu. Panarin,
• Irina A. Chelnokova,
• Sergei N. Terekhov,
• Peter Mojzes and
• Vadim V. Shmanai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 902–912, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.67

• by PHMG, PEI, LiCl, and Cu2+, and charged model analytes CuTMpyP4 and CuTSPP4. SERS spectra of (a) CuTMpyP4 and (b) CuTSPP4 drop-cast from 10−6 M solution onto the SERS substrate modified with (1) PHMG, (2) PEI, (3) LiCl, (4) Cu2+ (added into analyte solution), (5) Cu2+ (surface treatment), and onto

• (6) the unmodified plasmonic surface. SERS spectra of BHQ1-labeled oligonucleotide drop-cast from 10−5 M solution onto substrates modified with (1) Cu2+ (added into the analyte solution) and (2) Cu2+ (surface treatment); (3) Raman spectrum of BHQ1 in Ag NP solution. Supporting Information Supporting

Silver nanoparticles induce the cardiomyogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells via telomere length extension

• Khosro Adibkia,
• Ali Ehsani,
• Asma Jodaei,
• Ezzatollah Fathi,
• Raheleh Farahzadi and
• Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 786–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.62

• attention. Novel nanomaterials are being developed to improve disease treatment processes via biopharmaceutical molecules as well as the surface treatment of biomaterials [8][9]. Among nanoparticles (NPs), silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are successfully commercialized due to their well-known antiseptic

Impact of GaAs(100) surface preparation on EQE of AZO/Al₂O₃/p-GaAs photovoltaic structures

• Piotr Caban,
• Rafał Pietruszka,
• Jarosław Kaszewski,
• Monika Ożga,
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski,
• Krzysztof Kopalko,
• Piotr Kuźmiuk,
• Katarzyna Gwóźdź,
• Ewa Płaczek-Popko,
• Krystyna Lawniczak-Jablonska and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 578–592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.48

• /interface needs to be properly prepared. In the experiments described here we examined eight different paths of GaAs surface treatment (cleaning, etching, passivation) which resulted in different external quantum efficiency (EQE) values of the tested photovoltaic (PV) cells. Atomic force microscopy (AFM

• improves optical and electrical properties of gallium arsenide-based devices [31][32][33]. In this work we examine the influence of the surface treatment of GaAs (cleaning, etching, and passivation) on the external quantum efficiency (EQE) results of the AZO/Al2O3/p-GaAs PV structures (in which AZO stands

• for aluminum-doped zinc oxide). Experimental GaAs surface treatment We used lightly Zn-doped GaAs single-crystal (100) wafer (p = 6.8 × 1016 cm−3, ρ = 3.2 × 10−1 Ω·cm, μ ≤ 225 cm2/Vs, d = 400 μm) (fabricated at the Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, ITME) as the substrate. Before starting

Analysis of catalyst surface wetting: the early stage of epitaxial germanium nanowire growth

• Owen C. Ernst,
• Felix Lange,
• David Uebel,
• Thomas Teubner and
• Torsten Boeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1371–1380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.121

• applications. Surface treatment, for example, modifies the wetting behaviour of active fluids on composite materials or porous media to increase the efficiency and selectivity of catalytic processes [1]. Droplet-based microfluidics, including on-chip and off-chip incubation in immiscible phases, even developed

Atomic layer deposition for efficient oxygen evolution reaction at Pt/Ir catalyst layers

• Stefanie Schlicht,
• Korcan Percin,
• Stefanie Kriescher,
• André Hofer,
• Claudia Weidlich,
• Matthias Wessling and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 952–959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.79

• , Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.11.79 Abstract We provide a direct comparison of two distinct methods of Ti felt surface treatment and Pt/Ir electrocatalyst deposition for the positive electrode of regenerative fuel cells and vanadium–air redox flow batteries. Each method is

• homogeneous mixing of both elements in small nanoparticles, the coating of deep pores with them, and the adequacy of anodization with ALD as a surface treatment of Ti felts have all been demonstrated in the recent past [22][23]. Anodization is performed by applying a large positive voltage (+40 V) to the felt

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• synthesizing CDs, including oxidation and reduction [13][14][15], laser ablation [16], microwave irradiation [9], pyrolysis [17], and hydrothermal treatment [18]. Some of these methods are tedious and time consuming and use strong acids and/or surface treatment to improve their water solubility and

Quantitative analysis of annealing-induced instabilities of photo-leakage current and negative-bias-illumination-stress in a-InGaZnO thin-film transistors

• Dapeng Wang and
• Mamoru Furuta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1125–1130, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.112

• semiconductor active layer with appropriate stoichiometry during the fabrication should be controlled. Also, the interface engineering in high-performance TFTs, including surface treatment and buffer layer introduction [14][15], should be carefully considered. Conclusion The influence of annealing temperature

Droplet-based synthesis of homogeneous magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Christian D. Ahrberg,
• Ji Wook Choi and
• Bong Geun Chung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2413–2420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.226

• nanoparticles on the large scale. Coprecipitation methods, on the other hand, allow for the simple, scalable synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles that can be dispersed in water without requiring further surface treatment [16]. Furthermore, the size of particles synthesized using coprecipitation can be

Formation and development of nanometer-sized cybotactic clusters in bent-core nematic liquid crystalline compounds

• Yuri P. Panarin,
• Sithara P. Sreenilayam,
• Jagdish K. Vij,
• Anne Lehmann and
• Carsten Tschierske

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1288–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.121

• molecules were aligned by surface treatment and one of the short axes was also aligned by the electric field. In more recent studies, the biaxiality of the sample studied was confirmed [3][4][5] by electro-optical switching [23], polarizing infrared spectroscopy (PIR) [24], polarizing optical microscopy

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

• contributes to the production of a catalyst with a small particle size or high metal dispersion. Furthermore, plasma treatment has been proven to show superb performance in surface treatment and modification. Moreover, this technique is able to efficiently decompose precursors at low temperature. Greater

Tuning adhesion forces between functionalized gold colloidal nanoparticles and silicon AFM tips: role of ligands and capillary forces

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Marta Berholts,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 660–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.61

• surface treatment. One approach is the functionalization of the surfaces with various ligands. For instance, grafting a thin molecular film with hydrophobic tail groups on a surface, formed by self-assembly process, prevents the formation of nano- or microdroplets of water on the treated sample, or

Surfactant-induced enhancement of droplet adhesion in superhydrophobic soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves

• Oliver Hagedorn,
• Ingo Fleute-Schlachter,
• Hans Georg Mainx,
• Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2345–2356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.234

• tilt angle before and after treatment with the different surfactants and as a control only with water. The mean static contact angle (CA) of 10 µL water droplets on only water-treated samples was 162.4° (σ = 3.6°) with a tilt angle (TA) of 20.9° (σ = 10.0°). Surface treatment with the four nonionic

• leaf surface treatment. Acknowledgments The authors thank Lukas Schreiber (Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Bonn University) for providing the equipment and knowledge to perform the chemical analyses. We thank Josef Manner and colleagues for careful plant cultivation at the Botanical

A comparative study of the nanoscale and macroscale tribological attributes of alumina and stainless steel surfaces immersed in aqueous suspensions of positively or negatively charged nanodiamonds

• Colin K. Curtis,
• Antonin Marek,
• Alex I. Smirnov and
• Jacqueline Krim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2045–2059, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.205

• forces encountered at the solid–liquid interfaces. This global surface treatment may in fact provide a key piece of evidence to the fundamental mechanism underlying the friction reductions observed at the macroscale for the stainless steel and alumina surfaces immersed in −ND suspensions. Discussion The

• but could vary over a broader range from ca. 3.2 to 5.0 depending on the sample surface treatment according literature data summarized in [52]. Thus, at neutral pH or at a somewhat acidic pH of the DI water absorbing CO2 from air, the SS304 surface is expected to bare some negative change or no charge

Uptake and intracellular accumulation of diamond nanoparticles – a metabolic and cytotoxic study

• Antonín Brož,
• Lucie Bačáková,
• Pavla Štenclová,
• Alexander Kromka and
• Štěpán Potocký

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1649–1657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.165

• activity test (upper row) and counting of the cell nuclei (lower row) for three different concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 µg/mL (3, 30 and 300 µg/cm2) as a function of ND type and surface treatment after 3 days (Figure 3) and 7 days (Figure 4) of cultivation. Three ND types with differing

• , typically in the range of −20 to −40 mV [40][41], comparable with the −37 mV zeta potential value of the AR-40 sample. The stock concentration of AR-40 did not allow us to test the effect of the highest ND concentration (1000 µg/mL, 300 µg/cm2). Next, we compared the influence of surface treatment by

• < 0.05). Viability of SAOS-2 cells incubated with NDs at three concentrations as a function of ND type and surface treatment after 3 days. (Upper row) results of the MTS assay; (lower row) results of cell counting after nuclei staining. The results are given as the mean ± SD from 3 experiments, each

Viability and proliferation of endothelial cells upon exposure to GaN nanoparticles

• Tudor Braniste,
• Ion Tiginyanu,
• Tibor Horvath,
• Simion Raevschi,
• Serghei Cebotari,
• Marco Lux,
• Axel Haverich and
• Andres Hilfiker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1330–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.124

• , which make it promising for biomedical applications. Recently, it was shown that GaN does not require surface treatment for biocompatibility [18]. Bulk GaN is nontoxic for cells with or without peptide functionalization of the surface, with only very low amounts of gallium being released during the cell

Electrochemical coating of dental implants with anodic porous titania for enhanced osteointegration

• Amirreza Shayganpour,
• Alberto Rebaudi,
• Pierpaolo Cortella,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Marco Salerno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2183–2192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.224

• additive nanoscale patterning. Additional advantages are provided by this material when considering the possible loading of bioactive drugs in the porous cavities. Keywords: anodization; dental implants; nanopores; surface treatment; titania; Introduction Titanium (Ti) is the standard material used for

• &M) and Stark. From the range of available S&M implants, the type Premium Straight was selected. Both implant types were of grade 4 Ti and were provided in machined form only (i.e., without surface treatment for roughening and osteointegration). The implants were sterilized and sealed in plastic

Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability

• Ognen Pop-Georgievski,
• Dana Kubies,
• Josef Zemek,
• Neda Neykova,
• Roman Demianchuk,
• Eliška Mázl Chánová,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Milan Houska and
• František Rypáček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63

• surface treatment, the high resolution C 1s spectra centered at 285.0 eV lacked the expected titanium carbide contribution at 281.6 eV. Furthermore, the surfaces were free of metallic titanium (peak at 454.1 eV). Similar to the observations on rough [19] and ultra-flat titanium surfaces performed by

SERS and DFT study of copper surfaces coated with corrosion inhibitor

• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda,
• Francesco Muniz-Miranda and
• Stefano Caporali

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2489–2497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.258

• SERS activation of the copper surface and that triazole is chemisorbed on the copper surface. Without this surface treatment, no Raman signal from the adsorbed ligand could be detected. The same SERS bands are also observed with larger intensities for the etched plate immersed in an aqueous solution of

Advances in NO₂ sensing with individual single-walled carbon nanotube transistors

• Kiran Chikkadi,
• Matthias Muoth,
• Cosmin Roman,
• Miroslav Haluska and
• Christofer Hierold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2179–2191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.227

• . Suppression of hysteresis by surface treatment with an HMDS layer, as shown by Franklin et al. [59] (c, d): c) Transfer characteristics of devices on a substrate, before and after HMDS treatment. d) After 24 h treatment with HMDS, the hysteresis nearly vanishes, as visible from the histograms of the

Effect of silver nanoparticles on human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation

• Christina Sengstock,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Thomas A. Schildhauer and
• Manfred Köller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2058–2069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.214

• developed to enhance the diagnoses and treatment of diseases through the improved delivery of drugs, biopharmaceutical molecules and imaging agents to target cells at the sites of disease as well as through the surface treatment of biomaterials, such as implants. Ag-NP have a high degree of

Influence of surface-modified maghemite nanoparticles on in vitro survival of human stem cells

• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Lyubov L. Lukash,
• Tetiana A. Ruban,
• Yurii N. Kolomiets,
• Svitlana P. Shpylova and
• Oksana A. Grypych

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1732–1737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.183

• passages). A microcultural MTT test was used for the estimation of the number of metabolizing cells both in control and in culture containing non-coated and surface-modified γ-Fe2O3 particles. In a 96-well plate without surface treatment, 4BL cells were cultivated in standard DMEM medium with 10% fetal